For decades, veterinary science focused primarily on the physiological and pathological aspects of animal health. However, contemporary practice recognizes that an animal’s emotional and behavioral state is inextricably linked to its physical well-being. This review examines the synergy between applied ethology (the scientific study of animal behavior) and veterinary medicine, highlighting how behavioral science improves diagnostic accuracy, facilitates safer handling, and addresses the pervasive issue of behavioral euthanasia.

in dogs (roughly 3–14 weeks), are vital for shaping long-term social traits and stress responses.

Historically, a trip to the veterinary clinic was expected to be a stressful, white-knuckle experience for pets and owners alike. Animals were routinely restrained using brute force to accomplish procedures quickly.