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The Rig Veda, composed between approximately , is a vast collection of 1,028 hymns (suktas) divided into ten books (mandalas). Its very geography is the geography of Punjab. The text describes the Sapta Sindhu , the land of the seven rivers, which is the ancient name for the Punjab region. The rivers mentioned—the Sutlej (Shutudri), Ravi (Purushni), and Beas (Vipasa), among others—are the lifeblood of Punjab today. The people, culture, and nomadic life depicted in the Rig Veda are a reflection of the world of Punjab's earliest inhabitants.

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